The AU-510 is built on a FLEX-8400 with ATU design, so it has one internal Spectral Capture Unit (SCU), whereas the AU-520 is built on the FLEX-8600 design, so it contains two SCUs and competition-grade preselectors.
As a result, the AU-510 has four (4) antenna connectors (two that can output 500W), has two internal receivers, and can place those receivers on one antenna at a time.
The AU-520 has six antenna connectors (two that can output 500W), has four internal receivers, and can place those receivers on either of two antennas at the same time.
See comparison chart for more info!